范本产生的影响叫放射型模仿，它受到的影响叫弥散型模仿。
社会的文明程度越高，其模仿性就越强烈，人们意识到自己在模仿的程度就越低。
发明主要是考古学的研究领域，模仿主要是统计学的研究领域。
凡是具有真正意义的历史事件，无非三个范畴：某种模仿的兴衰；发明的出现及模仿；人的行为等力量或阻碍其传播，或修正其方向。
中世纪的结义公社（sworn
commune）是在仇视地主和封建主义中成长的，然而吕谢尔告诉我们，它们的结果和目的都是相同的：把它们所在的城市提升到集体领主（collective
seigniory）的层次，成为庄园中的庄园，既不征领主税也不交领主税，又有自己的封建等级。
社会就像人，它常常在政治上革命，同时又在宗教上保守而正统；它有可能在政治上主张革新，在精神上主张纯洁，在文学上主张古典。
一切宗教的滥觞期都是万物有灵论，信神起源于怕神。
在发明和模仿这两种有助于我们解释历史的主要力量中，发明是特权、垄断和贵族政治的不平等的根源。发明是间歇的、稀罕的，只能在不频繁的时期喷发而出。与此相反，模仿却是民主化的、有拉平的趋势。
Synopsis
One of Tarde’s most important books.
Tarde argues that social development
is determined not by general laws of a vague, impersonal or transcendent
nature, external to individuals, but rather by "individual renovative
initiatives", which are spread by imitation. His main claims are that
there are three types of repetition that make the world go around --
molecular vibration in the physical, hereditary in the biological,
imitation in the social, thus putting social science into the family of
other physical sciences. All repetition occurs for the sake of
variation.
About Gabriel Tarde
Born: Mar 12, 1843
Died: May 13, 1904
French sociologist and criminologist
who is one of the founding fathers of sociology. Opposing the dominant
sociological model of Emile Durkheim’s view of society as a collective
unity, he conceived sociology as based on small psychological
interactions among individuals, the fundamental forces being imitation
and innovation.
